Some\Any\No

• Some: algum (s), alguma (s), um pouco de
• Any: nenhum (a), qualquer, algum (s), alguma (s)
• No: nenhum (a)

Agora vejamos, quando e como usar – não só as regras, mas também as exceções:

SOME

• Utilizamos SOME em frases afirmativas;
• Interrogativas quando queremos oferecer algo;

Afirmativas:

1. I want to study some languages. (Eu quero estudar alguns idiomas.)
2. They have to buy some vegetables there. (Eles têm que comprar alguns legumes lá.)
3. He plays with some friends on the weekend. (Ele brinca com alguns amigos no final de semana.)

Interrogativas – Oferecer/Pedir:

1. Do you want to eat some chips? (Você quer comer algumas batatinhas?)
2. Could you lend me some paper? (Você pode me emprestar algum papel?)
3. Would you like to eat some snacks? (Você gostaria de comer alguns salgadinhos?)

ANY

• Utilizamos ANY em frases negativas;
• Em sentenças na interrogativa, com a exceção do exemplo já mencionado em SOME.
• E também em frases afirmativas quando, e somente quando, o significado DE ANY for QUALQUER.

Negativas:

1. I don’t need to go to any school. (Eu não preciso ir a nenhuma escola.)
2. She isn’t playing with any friend. (Ela não está brincando com nenhum amigo.)
3. They can´t drink any beer. (Eles não podem beber nenhuma cerveja.)

Interrogativas:

1. Do you know any of these girls? (Você conhece alguma destas garotas?)
2. Does she need to speak any language? (Ela precisa falar algum idioma?)
3. Is it drinking any water? (Ele está bebendo água?)

Afirmativas (exceção): qualquer

1. I want to eat any fruit. (Eu quero comer qualquer fruta.)
2. We want to go to any restaurant. (Nós queremos ir a qualquer restaurante.)
3. She needs to choose any gift. (Ela precisa escolher qualquer presente.)

NO

• Usado apenas em frases que são aparentemente afirmativas, mas com o NO inserido nas mesmas, tornam-se negativas.

1. I have no sugar at home. (Eu não tenho açúcar em casa.)
2. She listens to no one. (Ela não ouve ninguém.)
3. They have nothing. (Eles não têm nada.)

É importante ressaltar que as regras abaixo também valem para palavras compostas de SOME, ANY e NO como, por exemplo:

Comparative of Superiority \ Exercises

. Joner is  (tall) than Angela. 

2. Planes are  (fast) than trains. 

3. A Rolls Royce is  (comfortable) than a Ford. 

4. My pen is  (sharp) than yours. 

5. Jolie is  (beautiful) than Mariah Carey. 

6. Water is  (heavy) than oil. 

7. Juice is  (good) than lemonade. 

8. A Mercedes is  (powerful) than a Fiat. 

9. Obama  is  (wise) than Clinton. 

10. America is  (large) than Europe.

........................

1. JB  is 20 years  (old) than Evelyn .

2. She is (intelligent) than us.

3. Your bag is  (big) than mine.

4. This exercise is  (easy) than the first one.

5. The weather is (good) today.

6. My food is   (delicious) than yours.

7. Hamilton is  (fast) than Vettel.

8. Bolsonaro is   (smart)  than LGBT 's activists.

9. Your cake is  (bad) than mine.

10. Today is   (hot) yesterday.

Adjectives \ In grammar

The adjectives in English Grammar – 

A complete guide developed by teacher JB

 What are adjectives?

Adjectives tell us something about a person or a thing.

What do adjectives modify?

Adjectives can modify nouns or pronouns/names.

person	thing
Laura is a careful girl.	This is a nice car.
Laura  is careful.	The car is nice.
She is careful.	It is nice.

Where do adjectives go?

An adjective can be put before the noun. Then it is an attribute or quality .

person	thing
Laura is a careful girl.	This is a nice car.

An adjective can be put after the verb to be (is\are). This is called predicative position.

person	thing
The girl is careful.	This car is nice.

Adjectives can go after the following verbs:

• appear
• become
• feel
• get
• go
• keep
• turn

When we speak about what something looks like, smells, sounds and tastes – we use the adjective. 

• I feel great.
• She looks good.
• It seems impossible.
• The steak smells fantastic.

Can adjectives be used without nouns?

Yes, adjectives can be used without nouns. Take for example the definite article the:

• the rich = rich people

Here is an example from the fairy tale Cinderella:

• “The good must be put in the dish, the bad you may eat if you wish.”

Here is another example with nationalities in the plural:

• The Scottish live in the North of the United Kingdom.

 Can two or more adjectives be used together?

Yes, if you use more adjectives you can put them in front of the noun:

• a fat old cat

or you can put them after the verb (e.g. to be). In this case and is placed between the last two adjectives.

• It was cold, wet and windy.

Adjectives, ending in -ing and -ed

There are adjectives ending in -ing and -ed. These are participle constructions, used like adjectives. Here are some examples:

A) Here the adjective is put before the noun:

• Yesterday I read an amusing story in a magazine.
• Angela has a boring job.
• We watched the group of excited people.

B) Here the adjective is put after the verb:

• I was not at all amused by the discussion.
• JB  get bored very quickly.
• The end of the film was really exciting for me.

Present Continous \ Progressive

Present Progressive

A complete guide by teacher JB

1. Use of the Present Continuous

## actions happening at the moment of speaking

Laura is reading a book now.

## fixed plans in the near future

We are going to the Institute on Saturday.

## temporary actions

I am working in Rome this month.

##  actions happening around the moment of speaking (longer actions)

My friend is preparing for his exams.

##trends \ tendency

More and more people are using their computers to listen to music.

##repeated actions which are irritating to the speaker (with always, constantly, forever)

Joner and Laura are always talking about Bolsonaro.

Signal words

• now
• at the moment
• Look!
• Listen!

Form

to be (am, are, is) + Infinitiv + -ing

Examples

#Affirmative sentences in the Present Continuous

Long forms	Contracted forms
I am playing soccer.	I'm playing cards.
You are playing soccer.	You're playing rugby.
He is playing soccer.	He's playing golf.

# Negative sentences in the Present Continuous

Long forms	Contracted forms
I am not playing .	I'm not playing .
You are not playing .	You're not playing .
	You aren't playing .
He is not playing .	He's not playing .
	He isn't playing .

#Questions in the Present Progressive

Long forms
Am I lying to you?
Are you kidding me ?
Is he knocking the door?